A distinguishing feature of this composition is the skillful use of Upper Structure Extensions (Link). Altered 9, 11 and 13 extensions are used prominently in the melody. This is a signature Mingus sound while still harkening back to Ellington.
The piece begins with a tritone substitution (Link) of the V chord in Db major. The sharp 9 is on top. The rest of the A-section (Example 1) is fairly straightforward harmonically.
The B-section (Example 2) goes through a series of II-V-I changes in various keys.